Biliary tract cancer, also known as cholangiocarcinoma, is a rare but aggressive cancer that affects the bile ducts in the liver. The bile ducts are tubes that carry bile from the liver to the small intestine, where it helps with digestion. Biliary tract cancer can develop in any part of the bile ducts, including the intrahepatic bile ducts (inside the liver), the extrahepatic bile ducts (outside the liver), and the gallbladder. The symptoms of biliary tract cancer can vary depending on the location and stage of the cancer. In this answer, we will discuss the common symptoms of biliary tract cancer.
Jaundice: The most common symptom of biliary tract cancer is jaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin and eyes. Jaundice occurs when there is a buildup of bilirubin, a waste product that is normally removed from the body by the liver. When the bile ducts are blocked by cancer, bilirubin can build up in the body, leading to jaundice. Jaundice can also cause dark urine and pale stools.
Abdominal pain: Biliary tract cancer can cause abdominal pain, particularly in the upper right side of the abdomen. The pain can be dull or sharp and may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The pain may be worse after eating or when lying down.
Itching: Biliary tract cancer can cause itching, also known as pruritus. Itching is caused by the buildup of bile salts in the skin, which can occur when the bile ducts are blocked by cancer. The itching may be mild or severe and can be difficult to relieve.
Weight loss: Biliary tract cancer can cause unexplained weight loss, even if the patient is eating a normal diet. Weight loss can occur due to a combination of factors, including a loss of appetite, difficulty swallowing, and the cancer itself.
Fatigue: Biliary tract cancer can cause fatigue, which is a feeling of tiredness or weakness that is not relieved by rest. Fatigue can be caused by the cancer itself, as well as by the side effects of treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Fever: Biliary tract cancer can cause a low-grade fever, which is a temperature above the normal range of 98.6°F (37°C). Fever can occur due to the cancer itself or as a result of an infection.
Chills: Biliary tract cancer can cause chills, which are a sensation of coldness or shivering. Chills can occur as a result of fever or as a side effect of treatments such as chemotherapy.
Changes in bowel habits: Biliary tract cancer can cause changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation. These changes can occur due to a variety of factors, including the cancer itself, medications, and treatments.
Back pain: Biliary tract cancer can cause back pain, particularly in the upper back. The pain may be dull or sharp and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as abdominal pain and nausea.
It is important to note that these symptoms can be caused by other medical conditions, and having these symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has biliary tract cancer. However, if you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to see a doctor for an evaluation. If biliary tract cancer is suspected, further tests such as imaging studies and biopsies may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. Early detection and treatment can improve the chances of a successful outcome.
